WHAT IS PLASMAPHERESIS?

Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which blood is separated into cells and plasma (liquid). The plasma is removed and replaced with frozen plasma, albumin and/or a plasma substitute. The procedure is often referred to as a plasma exchange.

WHAT IS PLASMAPHERESIS SUPPOSE TO DO?

Although Myasthenia Gravis cannot as yet be defined as a single disease caused by a single agent, research suggests that Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease. Circulating antibodies attack the junction between the nerves and muscles resulting in abnormal muscle weakness. During a plasma exchange, the amount of antibodies in the blood is reduced.

WHY AM I HAVING PLASMAPHERESIS?

Plasmapheresis may have been recommended for one of the following reasons:

• To stabilize a rapid decrease in muscle control in a "myasthenic crisis"
• To reduce moderate to severe muscle weakness before thymectomy
• If current forms of therapy are not providing the expected degree of control of the disease
  

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS?

Plasmapheresis is a relatively safe procedure, but there are some risks associated with the treatment. Constant monitoring during the treatments allows the measurable benefits of plasmapheresis to outweigh its risks.

You will be instructed to report any signs of numbness, tingling associated with the mouth, eyes, fingers or toe, as well as leg cramps, dizziness and menstrual confusion which may indicate a low blood calcium or potassium level.

WHAT SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD THE PATIENT BE AWARE OF?

• Most importantly, plasmapheresis does not cure Myasthenia Gravis. Its purpose is to temporarily reduce the level of circulating antibodies that attach to the neuromuscular junction. It does not prevent the production of more antibodies. Therefore, in addition to a series of treatments, the patient may be given an immunosuppressive drug to help reduce the production of the antibodies.
• You need to be aware that it will be necessary to be fairly still for about two or three hours. It is advisable to eat a meal before the treatment and also to empty your bladder immediately prior to the start of the procedure. Some patients tend to feel quite exhausted after the treatment. Patients should make arrangements to have someone else transport them to and from the hospital.
• Hospitalization may be necessary for treatment. Sometimes plasmapheresis can be done on an outpatient basis. The length of a treatment series will vary according to individual need and will be discussed with you by your physician.
• Often fearfulness about the procedure, especially during the first few treatments, can produce some unusual sensations that will go away once you become more comfortable with the treatment.
• Probably the most helpful way to alleviate your concern about this new treatment is to speak to someone who has been treated with plasmapheresis. In addition, discuss the procedure with your physician, or your local Myasthenia Gravis Association, or seek out the coordinator of the plasmapheresis program. Understanding of the process will reduce your fears and help you through a new and challenging experience.